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Health & Science4h 1m ago

A new study presents a framework that effectively restores access to powerful mathematical tools for studying systems where Newton's third law does not apply.

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Germany

Who
Marin Bukov, Ricard Alert, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Max Planck Institute
What
A new study presents a framework that effectively restores access to powerful mathematical tools for studying systems where Newton's third law does not apply.
When
Sun, 14 Jun 2026 12:11:00 GMT · 4h 1m ago
Where
Germany ·
Why
Many real-world collective systems, like bird flocks or moving cells, appear to ignore Newton's third law, posing a challenge for physicists as many mathematical tools assume balanced action and reaction.
The Frontline Impact

How this affects you

This new framework allows scientists to use established mathematical tools to analyze nonreciprocal systems, potentially making it easier to study flocking animals, active matter, biological tissues, and exotic quantum systems. This could lead to a deeper understanding of how complex matter organizes itself when action-reaction symmetry breaks down.

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