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Health & Science3h 52m ago

Physicists have developed a framework to apply mathematical tools, previously limited to systems where Newton's third law applies, to nonreciprocal systems like bird flocks.

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Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems

Who
Marin Bukov, Ricard Alert, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems
What
Physicists have developed a framework to apply mathematical tools, previously limited to systems where Newton's third law applies, to nonreciprocal systems like bird flocks.
When
Sun, 14 Jun 2026 12:11:00 GMT · 3h 52m ago
Where
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems ·
Why
Many real-world collective systems, such as bird flocks or cellular movements, exhibit nonreciprocal interactions where Newton's third law does not apply, posing a challenge for physicists' traditional mathematical tools.
The Frontline Impact

How this affects you

This new theoretical framework allows physicists to use established methods to study complex systems where interactions are one-sided, potentially opening new avenues for understanding flocking animals, active matter, biological tissues, and exotic quantum systems. It makes analysis and simulation of these systems more efficient and accessible.

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