Elon Musk's tweet on June 6, 2026, about India's declining birth rate has sparked renewed focus on the country's sub-replacement fertility trend.

How this affects you

India's demographic transition is shifting from population growth to changes in age structure, with the working-age population expected to plateau in the early 2040s, necessitating policies to manage an aging society and leverage a 'silver economy'. This will reshape future economic development and social policy, impacting global demographic trends and economic paradigms, as India looks to convert its demographic dividend into a productivity dividend.